Alexander Pope: Unlocking the Key

Pretreatment: the key to unlocking low-cost cellulosic ethanol

New transportation fuels are badly needed to reduce our heavy dependence on imported oil and to reduce the release of greenhouse gases that cause global climate change; cellulosic biomass is the only inexpensive resource that can be used for sustainable production of the large volumes of liquid fuels that our transportation sector has historically favored. Furthermore, biological conversion of ...

The Molecular Apgar Score: A Key to Unlocking Evolutionary Principles

One of the first "tools" used for systematically evaluating successful newborn transitional physiology at birth was the Apgar Score, devised by Virginia Apgar in 1953. This objective assessment tool allowed clinicians to immediately gauge the relative success of a newborn infant making the transition from the in utero liquid immersive environment to the ex utero gas environment in the delivery ...

Papal Responses to the Holocaust: Contrast between Pope Pius XII and Pope John Paul II

The Key to Unlocking the Chemotherapeutic Potential of PPARγ Ligands: Having the Right Combination

Despite extensive preclinical evidence that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)γ activation protects against tumourigenesis, results from a few clinical trials using PPARγ ligands as monotherapy show modest success. In spite of this, several groups reported exciting results with therapeutic regimens that combine PPARγ ligands with other compounds: chemotherapeutic agents, retinoid...

Pope Gregory, the Calendar, and Continued Fractions

The success of many activities of modern civilization crucially depends on careful planning. Some activities should be carried out during a certain period of the year. For example: When is the right time of the year to sow, when is the right time to plow? It is thus no surprise that calendars are found in literally every ancient civilization. The earth revolves around the sun in about 365.2422 ...